sticking numbers to wet skin using safety pins. 
safety pins are cheap. tri belts are not. If you forget your safety pins you can easily nab a few to replace them.
velcro dots would be a pain in the butt.
London 10k had numbers printed on T shirts - a one off costly use. Also not too popular.
Crearting an adhesive that would stick to the myriad of natural and mademade fibres that we wear, plus all zippers fixings and fasteners, come off easily, be waterproof, last the duration of an ultra, not damage the fabric,
would you like to pay for that without even having a market.