I've been thinking through how ice-baths might work (or not!). Never tried it enough to know whether it works but just thinking through the theory.
Now ice applied to an INJURY - fine, local tissue trauma and blood collecting at the site gives rise to swelling thus preventing tissue from getting oxgyen, therefore application of ice reduces bloodflow thus reducing swelling and oxgyen demand from muscles is reduced by reducing cell metabolic rate.
But what about ice to improve recovery? Think about it. What is the process at the cell level here? There is muscle damage - in the form of small tears but not damage from an impact or ruptures in capillaries.The only thing I can find that tells you WHY iceing might help is to get the body to increase blood flow to combat the low temperature which then flushes out waste products. But the muscle damage is still there isn't it? And surely that is what causes the recovery pains? I can see that temporarily the ice might numb the area but thats about it.
Sorry but I just like to know HOW things are supposed to work. Anyone more knowledgeable help?
One theory is the reduction in muscle temp draws blood from peripheral structures and this reduction in blood flow has n aeffect on blood markers and enzyme clear out. e.g. creatine kinase and heat shock proteins (hsp70), which are indirect markers of muscle damage / oxidative stress.
CK has been studied to death, mainly because of its high volume in muscle soreness studies, some of which have correlated with high amounts of hsp70 too. There are many other muscle proteins and enzymes that have been studied in relation to muscle damage but it's a bit beyond mentioning here.
You're right, the muscle damage is still there... the ice / cold water immersion studies have shown to have an effect on pain for example (facilitating return to training, recovery etc) but strength loss is still evident (dynamometry etc).
Key authors in this area are Nosaka, Clarkson, Connolly, McHugh and Howatson if you want some bedtime journal reading 