Hi RT,
Although fairly uncommon, it's not necessarily of great medical significance to get visible blood in your urine after an unusually strenuous bout of distance running, like a long gruelling race, especially if it's only happened to you the one time.
But it does suggest that your body took a major hit on that day, for whatever reason - and you have probably not recovered sufficiently - which may well be the most likely explanation of your current symptoms - this could of course also be symptomatic of overtraining syndrome - but only you will know if you're doing too much.
The amount of visible blood loss would not have been sufficient to cause these symptoms on it's own - your body can cope with much more significant blood loss before such symptoms develop - ask any runner who gives blood regularly.
However, while it is likely that this is all quite benign, or indeed simply an indication that you are just overcooking things a bit, haematuria (which is not always visible to the naked eye) can also be a sign of something far more serious, so I suggest you exercise caution and go see your GP to get some blood and urine tests done as soon as convenient.
Regards, Groz.