It depends upon how much fitness you have lost and how fit you were before the injury.
Running Coach Jack Daniels quotes some specific numbers in his book Daniel’s Running Formula
“. He are some sample values in the loss of cardio-vascular fitness from his book:
Up to 5 days — no loss
7 days off — 0.6%
14 days off — 2.7%
21 days off — 4.8%
28 days off (one month) — 6.9%
56 days (two months) — 15.3%
Another good rule of thumb is to take the number of days you have been injured and subtract that from the point of the injury and start running again at the level you were then. So, if you were injured on 1st Feb and recovered on the 28th Feb, you'd subtract 28 days from 1st Feb giving you 3rd Jan.
With a break in a marathon training programme, the difficulty is over whether you have covered enough total mileage. If you have a long history of high mileage, you can get away with a lot less. If you normally average 20-30 miles a week and are just building mileage for a marathon, you'll struggle.
One suggestion would be to run/walk. Jeff Galloway is a strong advocate and has written quite extensively about it.
If you'd like more specifics I'd be happy to help.