If you can tolerate it, the best exercise would be a "high step up" (your knee should have a 90 degree bend when your foot is on top of the box/step). Not only does this help quad development, it is also a single leg exercise which running is essentially, and it improves balance and co-ordination.
If you look at the knee bend in a runner there is probably no more than 30 degrees bend during the take off phase, so there is not real need to squat deep. Even doing a partial squat would be useful and may not cause you too much discomfort.
There are plenty of exercises out there, but these two would work best for starters.
Edited: 08/07/2009 at 11:56