Tubular tyres - there are 2 types, tubulars (or tubs) and clinchers (or wire-ons).
Clinchers have 2 parts - a u cross sectioned thick rubber trye, and an inner tube. They are easy to change, cheap to replace and generally used by everyone.
A tub is in essence a very very thick inner tube (or a tyre with a circular cross section), which is glued on to the wheel rim. These are more expensive, temperamental to change (though with practice it's easy), but are generally considered to run a little bit faster. You can also inflate them to a higher pressure.
To be honest, there's very little between the performance between the two, but clinchers are easier and cheaper to run.