First of all welcome to the world of fell running. Much more fun than roads!
The s, m, l stands for short, medium, long
Short S: Under 6 miles.
Medium M: 6 miles or over, but under 12 miles.
Long L: 12 miles or over.
A,B,C - difficulty:
Cat A: More than 250ft of climb per mile, not more than 20% on road, at least 1 mile in length.
Cat B: More than 125ft of climb per mile, not more than 30% on road.
Cat C: More than 100ft of climb per mile, not more than 40% on road, with some genuine hill terrain.
The classification does have a purpose. All AL or AM races require you to carry some kit i.e. waterproofs, hat, food etc.