Associator or Dissociator?

Sport scientists have identified two mental strategies employed by athletes - 'associated' (tuning in to what you are doing) and 'dissociated' (switching off during exercise). Listening to music can be an unhelpful distraction if you fall into the first camp, but for those of you who like to focus on external stimuli to relax during a run, a well-chosen playlist could be just the ticket to enhanced performance.

To identify whether you are an 'associator' or a 'dissociator', take this quick psychometric test devised by Dr Costas Karageorghis. Answer either 'yes' or 'no' to each question then click on the button to calculate your score.

If you scored 17 to 20 points, you are an 'associator': you like to focus on the regulation of your body through thinking about breathing, form and the working muscles. You are unlikely to benefit from background music, although it might enhance your mood.

If you scored 14 to 16, you do not have a dominant style in terms of association or dissociation but you are likely to benefit from music, particularly during monotonous workouts.

If you scored 10 to 13, you are a 'dissociator': you will seek distractions to alleviate any discomfort from a tough session and are likely to benefit from listening to music.